CYANONEWS
Volume 10 Number 1 February 1994
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CYANONEWS - a newsletter intended to provide cyanobacteriologists with a forum
for rapid informal communication, unavailable through journals.
Everything
you read in this newsletter is contributed by readers like yourself.
Published occasionally, about three times per year.
SUBSCRIPTIONS - $10 or equivalent/year for hard copy. E-mail version is free.
CONTRIBUTIONS - Expected every couple of years: a new result, an upcoming
meeting or a summary of a past meeting, a post-doctoral opening, a new
publication, a request for strains, a change of life... something. See
last page for addresses you can send news to.
HOW TO FIND OUT MORE ABOUT SOMETHING YOU READ HERE - Look at the end of a news
item for a contact person. Also, a Directory of Cyanobacteriologists is
distributed every two years or on request.
INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS - Send news.
COPYRIGHT - This newsletter is not copyrighted and no rights are reserved. You
are encouraged to reproduce or to transmit any part of this publication
by
whatever means at your disposal, no permission required.
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CONTENTS*CONTENTS*CONTENTS*CONTENTS*CONTENTS*CONTENTS*CONTENTS*CONTENTS*CONTE
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BULLETIN BOARD:
* Meetings
* Monographs
* Positions available / sought
* Find strains fast... in the Microbial Germplasm Database
TRANSITIONS
* Comings and goings of ourselves
NEWS:
* Porin isolated from cyano outer membrane
* Zones of nitrogenase expression in trichomes of Trichodesmium
* High copy shuttle vector for Anabaena
* Computer models of energy transfer in C-phycocyanin complexes
REFERENCES
ADDRESSES
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BULLETIN BOARD*BULLETIN BOARD*BULLETIN BOARD*BULLETIN BOARD*BULLETIN BOARD*B
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****** MEETINGS, PROCEEDINGS, AND MISCELLANY ******
The Fifth International PHYCOLOGICAL CONGRESS is to be held in Qingdao,
P.R. China, 26 June to 2 July 1994. The congress will feature workshops on
algal molecular biology, biodiversity, biogeography of freshwater algae,
culture methodologies, and phycology and coastal management.
CONTACT: The Secretariat, EMBL, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, P.R. CHINA 266071
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A satellite workshop in Wuhan, P.R. China, 6-7 July will discuss the latest
developments in MICROALGAL BIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY and will be dedicated to
the memory of the late Li Shanghao. The workshop immediately follows the
Phycological Congress in Qingdao.
CONTACT: LIU Yong-Ding, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, P.R. CHINA. (Fax) 86-27-725132.
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A month of Chinese meetings will finish up with the Sixth International
SYMPOSIUM ON SALINE LAKES, 14-19 July 1994, in Beijing, P.R. China. The
meeting will cover a wide range of topics, from geochemistry and
mineralization to mineral effects on lake ecosystems and the impact of human
activities on saline lake areas.
CONTACT: ZHENG Mianping or ZHANG Fasheng, Organizing Committee of 6th
ISSL, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Baiwanzhuang Road 26,
Beijing 100037, P.R. CHINA. (Fax) 0086-1-8310894.
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The Tenth International Conference on PHOTOCHEMICAL CONVERSION AND STORAGE OF
SOLAR ENERGY will be held 24-29 July 1994 in Interlaken, Switzerland. This IPS
conference will cover photosynthesis in biological and biomimetic systems as
well as a variety of topics in photochemistry. The deadline for registration
is March 31 and for abstracts February 28.
CONTACT: The IPS-10 Secretariat, Institute of Inorganic and Physical
Chemistry, University of Berne, Freiestrasse 3,
CH-3000 Berne 9, SWITZERLAND. (Tel) +41 31 631 42 36,
(Fax) +41 31 631 39 94
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To honor Philip Thornber on his retirement, there will be a conference
entitled "STRUCTURE, FUNCTION AND BIOGENESIS OF CHLOROPHYLL-PROTEIN
COMPLEXES", planned for 3-6 August 1994. The conference will be held at the
University of California at Los Angeles and will focus on recent developments
in the structural biology of chlorophyll-protein complexes from plants and
bacteria as well as future research directions.
CONTACT: Richard Malkin, Department of Plant Biology, 111 Koshland
Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720. (Tel) 510-642-5959,
(Fax) 510-642-4995, (Email) DickM@Nature.Berkeley.Edu
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Cyanobacteriologists world-wide will descend upon Urbino, Italy, 10-15
September 1994 for the VIII INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PHOTOTROPHIC
PROKARYOTES. They (and, to be fair, purple- and green-afficionados as well)
will focus on five themes: Biogenesis and regulation of the photosynthetic
apparatus, reaction centers and antenna, metabolism, ecology and taxonomy, and
biochemical processes. In addition, a round table discussion is scheduled on
the topic of "Basic and Applied Biotechnological Processes". A limited number
of grants will be available for younger researchers and for students.
Applications will for support will be considered only by those presenting an
abstract.
CONTACT: Organizing Secretariat of the VIII ISPP, S.Ventura, CNR-CSMA,
p.le delle Cascine 27, I-50144 Firenze, ITALY. (Tel) +39-55-350542 or
-352051, (Fax) +39-55-330431, (E-mail) Ventura@csma.fi.cnr.it
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The Sixth Conference of the AFRICAN ASSOCIATION FOR BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN
FIXATION is scheduled for 12-17 September 1994 in Harare, Zimbabwe, focusing
on the theme of agronomic, socio-economic, and environmental benefits of
biological nitrogen-fixing systems in Africa. Registration is US$150.
Financial assistance may be available for participants.
CONTACT: The Secretary, AABNF 6TH Conference, Department of Soil
Science, University of Zimbabwe, Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare,
Zimbabwe. (Tel) 263-4-303211 ext. 1412, (Telex) 26580 UNIVZ ZW,
(Telegrams) UNIVERSITY, (Fax) 263-4-333407 or -335249
(E-mail) SMoyo@zimbix.uz.zw
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The PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL SEMINAR ON CYANOBACTERIAL RESEARCH - INDIAN
SCENE, a collection of reports on the cyanobacterial research of laboratories
throughout India, is available without charge.
CONTACT: G. Subramanian, National Facility for Marine Cyanobacteria,
Bharathidasan niversity, Palkalaiperur, Tiruchirapalli 620 024, INDIA.
(Tel) 0431-896-352,
(Fax) 0431-96245, (Telex) 0455-253 BARD.
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CYANOBACTERIA have recently been seen center stage IN THE POPULAR MEDIA. In
the January 1994 issue of Scientific American [270(1):78-86], Wayne Carmichael
presents for public inspection a review of toxic cyanobacteria, including a
beautiful picture of a Microcystis bloom set against a garden in Beijing. In
the same issue there is a special advertising section in which the Thai
government puts its best scientific foot forward. Part of their best foot is
a photograph, captioned "Cloning genes for biopesticides", that displays a
table full of petri plates covered with (it appears) cyanobacteria.
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ENRIQUE FLORES points out that there is a conflict between the next European
and American Cyanobacterial Workshops, both scheduled for about the same dates
(May/June, 1995). The European Workshop is to be held in Sevilla, Spain, and
the American Workshop in Asilomar, California. To avoid such conflicts now and
in the future, Enrique proposes that each of the two workshops be held once
every three years, to fit in between the Photosynthetic Prokaryote meetings.
In concrete terms:
1991: Photosynthetic Prokarotes, Amherst
1992: European Workshop, Bristol
1993: American Workshop, Asilomar
1994: Photosynthetic Prokaryotes, Urbino
1995: Euroopean Workshop, Sevilla
or American Workshop, Asilomar
1996: American Workshop, Asilomar
or European Workshop, Sevilla
1997: Photosynthetic Prokaryotes, ??
It is by no means too early to think about such things. Enrique would
appreciate opinions on this proposal along with preferences as to which years
would be most convenient for which meetings.
CONTACT: Enrique Flores, Instituto de Bioqu�mica Vegetal y Fotos�ntesis,
Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Apartado 1113,
41080 Sevilla SPAIN. (Tel) 954-61-70-11, (Fax) 34-5-462-0154,
(E-mail) Flores@Cica.Es
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Copies of the 1993 CYANOBACTERIA WORKSHOP ABSTRACT BOOKLET are available for
the asking.
CONTACT: Jane Edwards, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 290 Panama
Street, Stanford, CA 94305 U.S.A. (Tel) 415-325-1521 ext. 204,
(Fax) 415-325-6857, (E-mail) jane@carnegie.stanford.edu
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The Norwegian Institute for Water Research has made available a monograph
entitled TAXONOMY OF TOXIC CYANOPHYCEAE (Cyanobacteria), by OM Skulberg, WW
Carmichael, GA Codd, and R Skulberg, that surveys the toxic species and
provides a practical guide for their identification.
CONTACT: Olav Skulberg, Norwegian Institute for Water Research, P.O.Box
69 Korsvall, N-0808 Oslo 8 NORWAY
****** POSITIONS OFFERED AND SOUGHT ******
POSITION OFFERED: Post-Doc
CONTACT: Michael Seibert, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO
80401-3393, U.S.A. (Tel) 303-384-6279, (Fax) 303-384-6150,
(E-mail) Seibert@seri.nrel.gov
RESEARCH: Oxygen-evolution, electron donation, and photoactivation processes
in PSII, using biochemical, spectroscopic, and electrochemical approaches
with membrane/submembrane fractions obtained from plants and
cyanobacterial
mutants.
PERTINENT ARTICLES: Biochem (1991) 30:9615 and 30:9625; Research in
Photosynthesis (1992), Murata N, ed., Vol II, p.357; Photosyn Res (1993)
December issue.
SUPPORT: Salary highly competitive, for one year with possibility of
extension.
SUBMIT: CV with list of publications; cover letter with statement of research
interests; names, addresses, and telephone numbers of three professional
references.
START: Immediately
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POSITION SOUGHT: Postdoc in metal-toxicity or in nitrogen-fixation
APPLICANT: Srinivas Denduluri, Dept. of Biology, Memorial University, St.
John's,
Newfoundland, A1B 3X9 CANADA. (E-mail) DSrinivas@kean.ucs.mun.ca
EDUCATION and EXPERIENCE:
M.Sc. in cytogenetics
M.Phil. in microbiology ("Toxicity of lead and its interaction with
chelating agents on some vegetable crops grown in sewage-irrigated
soil")
Ph.D. (1st) in plant physiology and biochemistry ("Effects of lead,
manganese, and chelating agents on some vegetable crops grown in
sewage
irrigated soil").
Ph.D. (2nd, thesis recently submitted) at Memorial University ("Role of
lipid bodies in nitrogen-fixing nodules of Sesbania"). Experience
also
in nutrient cycling and related techniques, such as HPLC, gas
chromatography, and isotopic methods.
PUBLICATIONS (selected; more available on request):
Srinivas D. (1993). Reduction of lead accumulation by ethylenediamine
tetraacetic acid and nitrilo triacetic acid in okra grown in sewage
irrigated soil. Bull Environ Cont Toxicol 51:40-45.
Bal AK, Srinivas D (1993). Catalase activity and biogenesis of microbodies
in nitrogen-fixing root nodules of beach pea. Cell Biol Interntl (in
press).
Srinivas, D (1991) Dioecism in flowering plants: Causes and Evolution.
Biol
Edu 2:93-100.
****** FIND STRAINS FAST... IN THE MICROBIAL GERMPLASM DATABASE ******
Microbial germplasm maintained in research-oriented laboratories in
universities and experiment stations is a vast undocumented resource, one that
is difficult to tap. The Microbial Germplasm Database (MGD) is designed to
help you navigate through many of these collections in order to find what you
want and how to obtain it. Microorganisms and genetic constructs covered by
MGD include bacteria, viruses, fungi, various reproducible genetic elements,
and nematodes. The germplasm documented in MGD is primarily used in research
(botanical, biochemical, genetic, or agricultural) that is related to plants.
You can access MGD from your computer through the MGD Gopher, a
menu-driven
information port. If your local internet host is running Gopher software,
simply type "gopher". Choose the "Other Gopher Servers" menu item, and then
progressively home in on MGD by choosing: North America, United States,
Oregon, and, finally, Microbial Germplasm Database. Alternatively, you can
connect to MGD through the TELNET command, using the address bcc.orst.edu (the
ip number is 128.193.86.4). Type mgd at the login prompt, and press the Enter
key when asked for a password.
Besides putting the MGD database at your fingertips, the MGD Gopher also
provides access to literature covering biodiversity, germplasm preservation,
nitrogen fixation, biocontrol, and sustainable agriculture. The references can
be searched by keyword, author, and title. Several other useful tools are
available, including a large collection of electronic phonebooks (some
including E-mail addresses) for universities and organizations throughout the
world.
The menus are pretty self-explanatory, and help files are available to
guide you through them. MGD puts out a newsletter (hardcopy free) that
describes the service and new features as they arise.
CONTACT: Joe Hanus, Microbial Germplasm Database, Dept. of Botany and
Plant
Pathology, Oregon State University,Corvallis, OR 97331-2902, U.S.A.
(Tel) 503-737-5300, (Fax) 503-737-3573, (E-mail) HanusJ@ava.bcc.orst.edu
============================================================================
TRANSITIONS*TRANSITIONS*TRANSITIONS*TRANSITIONS*TRANSITIONS*TRANSITIONS*TRAN
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JOHN BENEMANN continues his peripatetic ways. He's moved back to California
from his previous base in Vero Beach, Florida (U.S.A.). He continues to
consult on biotechnological applications of cyanobacteria.
343 Caravelle Drive, Walnut Creek CA 94598, U.S.A. (Tel/Fax) 510-939-
5864
IGOR BROWN is temporarily absent from his bench in Odessa, Ukraine to visit
the laboratory of Gunter Peschek until March 10, 1994.
c/o Gunter Peschek, Biophysical Chemistry Group, Institut fuer Physikal.
Chemie, Universitaet Wien, Wahringer Str. 42, A-1090 Wien, AUSTRIA
(Fax) 011-43-1-3104597
YUPING CAI has left the safe confines of Michigan State University to begin
a post-doc in the laboratory of Alex Glazer.
Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, 230 Stanley Hall, University
of California, Berkeley CA 94720, U.S.A. (Tel) 510-2643-6302,
(Fax) 510-643-9290.
MIROSLAV GANTAR has left Nigel Kirby's lab in Dundee to take a research
position with Jeff Elhai.
Dept. of Biological Sciences, Florida International University,
University Park, Miami FL 33199 U.S.A. (Tel) 305-348-4030 (Fax) 305-348-
1986.
NIGEL KIRBY has also left Nigel Kirby's lab. He's abandoned academia to head
research at the Scottish Crop Research Institute.
Mylnefield Research Services Ltd., Scottish Crop Research Institute,
Invergrowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scottland, U.K. (Tel) 0382-562731,
(Fax) 0382-562426
WOLFGANG LOCKAU has moved operations from Regensburg to his new home in
Berlin.
Biochemie der Pflanzen, Fachbereich Biologie, Humboldt-Universitaet,
Invalidenstr. 42, 10 115 Berlin, GERMANY
SEAN TURNER has moved from cold to wet, leaving University of Cincinnati for
a warm new lab in Louisiana.
Department of Botany, Life Sciences Building, Louisiana State University,
Baton Rouge LA 70803-1705, U.S.A. (Tel-lab) 504-388-8771,
(Tel-office) 504-388-8494, (E-mail) BtTurn@LsuVax.Sncc.Lsu.Edu
PETER WOLK is visiting the lab of Nicole Tandeau de Marsac, returning to
Michigan State University June, 1994.
Physiologie Microbienne, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724
Paris Cedex 15, FRANCE. (Fax) 40.56.01.25, (E-mail) CPWolk@Pasteur.Fr
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NEWS*NEWS*NEWS*NEWS*NEWS*NEWS*NEWS*NEWS*NEWS*NEWS*NEWS*NEWS*NEWS*NEWS*NEWS*
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****** PORIN ISOLATED FROM CYANO OUTER MEMBRANE ******
ALFRED HANSEL and others in Uwe J�rgens' lab have isolated and characterized
a pore-forming protein (a porin) from the outer membrane of Synechococcus
PCC 6301. The protein was purified under native conditions (using LDAO as
detergent and anion exchange chromatography) the protein and migrated on SDS-
PAGE at about 52 kD. Single channel conductance of 5.5 nS was observed when
the protein was incorporated into black lipid bilayer. The protein is blocked
at its N-terminus and has Phe-Thr-Phe at its C-terminus. Analysis of its amino
acids showed that the protein is rather hydrophilic, which is atypical for
membrane proteins, but typical for porins. The work will appear soon in
Archives of Microbiology. Alfred is currently trying to clone the gene
encoding the pore-forming protein in order to get information about the
structure and regulation of porins in cyanobacteria.
Alfred Hansel, Institut f�r Biologie II/Mikrobiologie, Universit�t
Frieburg, Sch�nzlestra�e 1, D-79104 Freiburg GERMANY.
(Tel) 0761-2034542, (E-mail) Hansel@Sun1.Ruf.Uni-Freiburg.De
****** ZONES OF NITROGENASE EXPRESSION IN TRICHOMES OF TRICHODESMIUM ******
At one time, heterocystous cyanobacteria were thought to be the only
cyanobacterial species capable of nitrogen fixation. In the past twenty-five
years, however, several strains, both unicellular and filamentous, have been
characterized that fix nitrogen without benefit of heterocysts. The question
of how these strains protect nitrogenase against inactivation by oxygen has
been intensely studied [Fay P (1992) Microbiol Rev 56:340-373]. Many strains
temporally separate the processes of nitrogen fixation and oxygenic
photosynthesis. In one such filamentous strain, Oscillatoria limosa,
nitrogenase appears to be distributed to all cells in the filament [Stal L &
Bergman B (1990) Planta 182:287-291]. Nitrogenase is similarly distributed in
Plectonema boryanum [Smoker J & Barnum SR (1990) 1st Eur Workshop Mol Biol
Cyanobacteria], a strain that fixes nitrogen only under conditions of very low
levels of ambient oxygen.
Nitrogen-fixing Trichodesmium, a group of marine planktonic
cyanobacteria, is exceptional in a number of respects. Its filaments, though
lacking heterocysts, can maintain nitrogen fixation against saturating levels
of O2 in seawater. Photosynthetically-produced oxygen is not avoided by
temporal separation, since nitrogen fixation is suppressed by darkness or DCMU
[Ohki K & Fujita Y (1988) Mar Biol 98:111-114]. Spatial separation of
photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation in Trichodesmium was suggested twenty
years ago by Carpenter and Price [(1976) Science 191:1278-1280], based on
their observation that trichomes passing through the middle of a colony
possessed a central zone of lightly pigmented cells that do not incorporate
14CO2. More recent attempts to localize nitrogenase by immunogold staining
reported nitrogenase subunits in all cells of the filament [Paerl et al (1989)
Appl Environ Microbiol 55:2965-2975; Ohki et al (1991) Proc 5th Symp Internat
Prize Biol, eds. Mauchline J & Nemoto T, pp.205-216] or in a limited number
of randomly distributed trichomes [Bergman B & Carpenter EJ (1991) J Phycol
27:158-165].
BIRGITTA BERGMAN and coworkers now focus the controversy with recent
results from immunogold labeling of longitudinally sectioned trichomes of
Trichodesmium contortum. Nitrogenase appeared to be limited to a zone of
consecutive cells central to the trichome. These cells, constituting about 10
to 15% of the total number within the trichome, are about half as long as
those cells outside the zone. Although cells with nitrogenase appear paler by
light microscopy, they contain immunologically reactive phycorerythrin in the
same quantities as do cells outside of the zone. Their previous results
[Bergman & Carpenter, op cit.] are not necessarily in conflict since the
strain used in that study, T. thiebautii, has trichomes so twisted that it was
not possible to cross-section more than a few cells in a row. Interestingly,
the nitrogenase-containing cells of T. thiebautii contain a considerably
higher than normal level of cytochrome oxidase [Bergman et al. (1993) Appl
Environ Microbiol 59:3239-3244].
Does Trichodesmium possess a differentiated cell type similar in
function to heterocysts but without the heterocyst's specialized cell
envelope? Do different species of Trichodesmium possess different strategies
of protecting nitrogenase from oxygen? Do zones of nitrogenase-laden cells
appear in Trichodesmium in an analogous fashion as strings of proheterocysts
in certain strains of Anabaena [Wilcox et al (1973) J Cell Sci 12:707-725]?
Clearly there is no lack of interesting questions to answer!
Birgitta Bergman, Department of Botany, Stockholm University, S-106,
Stockholm SWEDEN. (Tel) 46-8-16 37 51, (Fax) 46-8-16 55 25, (E-
mail) Botanik@Botan.Su.Se
****** HIGH COPY SHUTTLE VECTOR FOR ANABAENA ******
Those of us who play with genes in E. coli would find it difficult to
imagine life without high-copy-number plasmids such as pBR322, pUC18, and
derivatives. Those of us who study Anabaena PCC 7120, however, have endured
such a life working with our organism, having at our disposal only shuttle
vectors (e.g., those based on the cyanobacterial plasmid pDU1) that replicate
in low copy in Anabaena. JIM GOLDEN tells us our suffering is over. His
laboratory wanted a high-copy-number shuttle vector to facilitate isolation
of shuttle vector plasmid DNA from Anabaena and to permit certain types of
genetic manipulations, such as the titration of regulatory factors.
Accordingly, they have isolated and sequenced a mutant pDU1 origin of
replication that replicates at a higher copy number in Anabanea.
A high-copy-number mutation was obtained in the shuttle vector pCCB110
[Buikema WJ & Haselkorn R (1991). Genes Dev 5:321-330] by selection on
neomycin at 100 ug/ml. Colonies containing high-copy-number plasmids were
identified by a high yield of plasmid from heat lysis minipreps. The high-
copy-number ori was trimmed down to a minimum size that still provided strong
selection and stable maintenance in PCC 7120, and the resulting 3761-bp
fragment was sequenced (GenBank accession L23221). The sequenced region is
available as a SmaI fragment in pUC1819H3 (resulting in pAM1230) or
pBluescript (resulting in pAM1231).
The original high-copy-number shuttle vector, pAM832, was trimmed down to
produce pAM1011 and finally pAM1280. pAM1280 was modified to contain different
multiple cloning sites (MCS) and the lacZ' gene fragment. The resulting
plasmids, pAM1278 and pAM1279 (lacZ' MCS from pUC18 in both orientations) and
pAM1281 and pAM1282 (lacZ' MCS from pBluescript II SK+ in both orientations),
provide blue/white screening for inserts, and they have been tested for
efficient transformation of E. coli and conjugation into Anabaena PCC 7120.
The plasmids have not been fully characterized nor actually used yet for
cloning experiments, but in test conjugations exconjugants could be easily
selected for on plates containing neomycin at 50 ug/ml, which is double the
concentration Jim's lab uses for other pDU1-based shuttle vectors.
Jim Golden, Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station
TX 77843-3258 U.S.A. (Tel) 409-845-9823, (Fax) 409-845-2891,
(E-mail) JGolden@Bio.Tamu.Edu
****** COMPUTER MODELS ENERGY TRANSFER IN C-PHYCOCYANIN COMPLEXES ******
ANDREY DEMIDOV along with Alexander Borisov report on computer
simulations they have performed to assess the ability of different classes of
models to reproduce the observed characteristics of energy transfer in
C-phycocyanin (C-PC) complexes. They used two computational methods to
simulate energy migration in C-PC fragments [Biophys J (1993) 64:1375-1384].
The first relied on a system of three differential equations, each describing
the flow of energy amongst chromophores of the three types: alpha-84, beta-84,
or beta-155. The second method relied on a Monte Carlo approach to simulate
random walks of excitons between the chromophores. These approaches, using
structural data from C-PC of Agmenellum quadruplicatum, enabled them to
predict rates and channels of energy migration in the case of various C-PC
aggregates and to evaluate the sensitivity of migration rates to the screw
angle between adjoining trimers. By considering chromophores in random
orientations or in the actual orientations found in C-PC, they were able to
demonstrate that the actual orientations are nearly optimal for energy
migration.
They used similar methods to determine the statistic of exciton jumps,
finding that jump statistics can be described by the function:
F = C (t/) exp(-t/)
where C is a constant and t and are, respectively, the exciton
localization (jump) time and its averaged value for the three chromophore
types. Values of were calculated for various aggregates [Biofizika (1993)
38:133-143].
They are now working on a new theory of calculation of fluorescence
polarization degree and absorption anisotropy of molecular complexes with
energy transfer. At present, they have examined C-PC beta-subunits and
monomers and have derived generally useful formulae that can be used
practically to calculate polarization data at steady-state and delta-pulse
excitations in the cases of double- and triple-chromophore complexes. The
theory considers light absorption and fluorescence by chromophores, energy
transfer between them, and their mutual orientations. Chromophores within
individual complexes are presumed to be rigidly positioned, and complexes are
randomly distributed and oriented in space, with no energy transfer amongst
them. The formulae take into account the angles between chromophore transition
dipole moments in the individual molecular complex and contain parameters
dependent upon chromophore spectroscopic features and rates of energy
transfer.
Andrey, a physicist, is eager to receive any advice and help that you
may care to proffer. He is particularly interested in raw material from C-PC
aggregates of A. quadruplicatum and Mastigocladus laminosus to feed his model.
He seeks, specifically: (a) fluorescence and absorption spectra, (b) emission
and excitation spectra of polarized fluorescence, (c) absorption anisotropy
spectra, (d) fluorescence depolarization and absorption anisotropy kinetics
excited by picosecond pulses, and (e) chromophore fluorescence quantum yields.
Andrey Demidov, Physics Department, Moscow State University, 119899
Moscow, RUSSIA. (E-mail) Demidov@Demidov.Phys.Msu.Su
===========================================================================
REFERENCES*REFERENCES*REFERENCES*REFERENCES*REFERENCES*REFERENCES*REFERENCE
===========================================================================
****** EVOLUTION, SYSTEMATICS, and PROCHLOROPHYTES ******
Kim E, Kim H, Hong SP, Kang KH, Kho YH, Park YH (1993). Gene Organization
and Primary Structure of a Ribosomal RNA Gene Cluster from Streptomyces
griseus subsp griseus. [Anacystis]. Gene 132:21-31.
Martin W, Brinkmann H, Savonna C, Cerff R (1993). Evidence for a Chimeric
Nature of Nuclear Genomes - Eubacterial Origin of Eukaryotic
Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
90:8692-8696.
Sanangelatoni AM, Tiboni O (1993). The Chromosomal Location of Genes for
Elongation Factor Tu and Ribosomal Protein-S10 in the Cyanobacterium
Spirulina platensis Provides Clues to the Ancestral Organization of the
str and S10 Operons in Prokaryotes. J Gen Microbiol 139:2579-2584.
Seckbach J, Ikan R, Ringelberg D, White D (1993). Sterols and Phylogeny of
the Acidophilic Hot Springs Algae Cyanidium caldarium and Galdieria
sulphuraria. Phytochemistry 34:1345-1349.
Demuth J, Neve H, Witzel KP (1993). Direct Electron Microscopy Study on the
Morphological Diversity of Bacteriophage Populations in Lake
Plussee.[cyanobacteria]. Appl Environ Microbiol 59:3378-3384.
Jensen TE (1993). A Morphometric Study of Natural and Laboratory Grown
Gloeotrichia Species. Microbios 74(301):219-226.
Shalapenok LS, Ilkevich YG (1993). Ultrastructural Characteristics of
Chroococcoid Cyanobacteria Isolated from Black Sea Picoplankton.
Microbiology-Engl Tr 62:99-104.
Shalapenok LS, Shalapenok AA (1993). Special Features of Ultrastructure and
Spectral Characteristics of Phycoerythrin of Black Sea Picocyanobacteria
in Culture. Microbiology-Engl Tr 62:68-72.
Wilson WH, Joint IR, Carr NG, Mann NH (1993). Isolation and Molecular
Characterization of 5 Marine Cyanophages Propagated on Synechococcus Sp
Strain WH7803. Appl Environ Microbiol 59:3736-3743.
Lockhart PJ, Penny D, Hendy MD, Larkum ADW (1993). Is Prochlorothrix
hollandica the Best Choice as a Prokaryotic Model for Higher Plant
Chl-a/b Photosynthesis. Photosynth Res 37:61-68.
****** ECOLOGY ******
Caumette P (1993). Ecology and Physiology of Phototrophic Bacteria and
Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria in Marine Salterns.[cyanobacterial mats].
Experientia 49:473-481.
Guerrero R, Ashen J, Sole M, Margulis L (1993). Spirosymplokos deltaeiberi
nov. gen., nov. sp. - Variable-Diameter Composite Spirochete from
Microbial Mats. Arch Microbiol 160:461-470.
Howard A (1993). SCUM - Simulation of Cyanobacterial Underwater Movement.
Comput Appl Biosci 9:413-419.
Kromkamp J, Limbeek M (1993). Effect of Short-Term Variation in Irradiance
on Light Harvesting and Photosynthesis of the Marine Diatom Skeletonema
costatum - A Laboratory Study Simulating Vertical Mixing.[Oscillatoria].
J Gen Microbiol 139:2277-2284.
Pinevich AV, Vepritskii AA, Gromov BV (1993). Biodiversity of Cyanobacteria
(Foundations and Prospects, of Cognition and Preservation in Light of
Ecological Problems in Russia). Microbiology-Engl Tr 62:253-261.
Waterbury JB, Valois FW (1993). Resistance to Co-occurring Phages Enables
Marine Synechococcus Communities to Coexist with Cyanophages Abundant in
Seawater. Appl Environ Microbiol 59:3393-3399.
Badger MR, Pfanz H, Budel B, Heber U, Lange OL (1993). Evidence for the
Functioning of Photosynthetic CO2-Concentrating Mechanisms in Lichens
Containing Green Algal and Cyanobacterial Photobionts. Planta 191:57-70.
Hur JS, Wellburn AR (1993). Effects of Atmospheric SO2 on Azolla and
Anabaena Symbiosis. Physiol Plant 88:65-72.
Palmqvist K (1993). Photosynthetic CO2-Use Efficiency in Lichens and Their
Isolated Photobionts - The Possible Role of a CO2-Concentrating
Mechanism. Planta 191:48-56.
S�derb�ck E, Bergman B (1993). The Nostoc-Gunnera Symbiosis - Carbon
Fixation and Translocation. Physiol Plant 89:125-132.
****** TOXINS and NATURAL SUBSTANCES ******
Carmichael WW (1994). Toxins of Cyanobacteria. Sci Am 270:78-86.
Choi BW, Namikoshi M, Sun FR, Rinehart KL, Carmichael WW, Kaup AM, Evans
WR, Beasley VR (1993). Isolation of Linear Peptides Related to the
Hepatotoxins Nodularin and Microcystins. Tetrahedron Lett 34:7881-7884.
Falch BS, Konig GM, Wright AD, Sticher O, Ruegger H, Bernardinelli G
(1993). Ambigol a and B - New Biologically Active Polychlorinated
Aromatic Compounds from the Terrestrial Blue-Green Alga Fischerella
ambigua. J Org Chem 58:6570-6575.
Falconer IR (1993). Paralytic Shellfish Poisons from Freshwater Blue-Green
Algae - Comment. Med J Aust 159:423.
Harada K, Mayumi T, Shimada T, Suzuki M, Kondo F, Watanabe MF (1993).
Occurrence of Four Depsipeptides, Aeruginopeptins, Together with
Microcystins from Toxic Cyanobacteria. Tetrahedron Lett 34:6091-6094.
Harada K, Nagai H, Kimura Y, Suzuki M, Park HD, Watanabe MF, Luukkainen R,
Sivonen K, Carmichael WW (1993). Liquid Chromatography/Mass
Spectrometric Detection of Anatoxin-a, a Neurotoxin from Cyanobacteria.
Tetrahedron 49:9251-9260.
Herrmann WA, Kohlpaintner CW (1993). Water-Soluble Ligands, Metal
Complexes, and Catalysts - Synergism of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous
Catalysis. [Blue-green alga]. Angew Chem Int Ed 32:1524-1544.
Humpage AR, Rositano J, Baker PD, Nicholson BC, Steffensen DA (1993).
Paralytic Shellfish Poisons from Freshwater Blue-Green Algae. Med J Aust
159:423.
James GD, Mills SD, Pattenden G (1993). Total Synthesis of Pukeleimide-A, a
5-ylidenepyrrol-2(5H)-one from Blue Green Algae. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans
1 NOV 7;(21):2581-2584.
Kangatharalingam N, Priscu JC (1993). Isolation and Verification of
Anatoxin-A Producing Clones of Anabaena flos-aquae (Lyngb) de Breb from
a Eutrophic Lake. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 12:127-130.
Kozhenkova EV, Bromov BV (1993). A biologically active compound from the
blue-green alga Calothrix intricata Fritsch CALU 908. Algologia 3:23-27.
Li Y, Llewellyn L, Moczydlowski E (1993). Biochemical and Immunochemical
Comparison of Saxiphilin and Transferrin, Two Structurally Related
Plasma Proteins from Rana catesbeiana. [Aphanizomenon]. Mol Pharmacol
44:742-748.
Linton CJ, Wright SJL (1993). Volatile Organic Compounds - Microbiological
Aspects and Some Technological Implications - Review. J Appl Bacteriol
75:1-12.
Luukkainen R, Sivonen K, Namikoshi M, Fardig M, Rinehart KL, Niemela SI
(1993). Isolation and Identification of 8 Microcystins from 13
Oscillatoria agardhii Strains and Structure of a New Microcystin. Appl
Environ Microbiol 59:2204-2209.
Martin C, Oberer L, Ino T, Konig WA, Busch M, Weckesser J (1993).
Cyanopeptolins, New Depsipeptides from the Cyanobacterium Microcystis
sp. PCC 7806. J Antibiot 46:1550-1556.
Mori Y (1993). Synthesis of Acyclic 1, 3-Polyols and Its Application to
Structural Study of Natural Products.[polymethoxy-1-alkenes from
cyanobacteria]. Yakugaku Zasshi-J Pharm Soc J 113:438-453.
Pattenden G, Thom SM (1993). Naturally Occurring Linear Fused
Thiazoline-Thiazole Containing Metabolites - Total Synthesis of
(-)-Didehydromirabazole-A, a Cytotoxic Alkaloid from Blue Green Algae. J
Chem Soc Perkin Trans I JUL 21;(14):1629-1636.
Patterson GML, Bolis CM (1993). Regulation of Scytophycin Accumulation in
Cultures of Scytonema ocellatum. 1. Physical Factors. Appl Microbiol
Biotechnol 40:375-381.
Proteau PJ, Gerwick WH, Garciapichel F, Castenholz R (1993). The Structure
of Scytonemin, an Ultraviolet Sunscreen Pigment from the Sheaths of
Cyanobacteria. Experientia 49:825-829.
Rudolphbohner S, Wu JT, Moroder L (1993). Identification and
Characterization of Microcystin-LY from Microcystis aeruginosa
(Strain-298). Biol Chem Hoppe Seyler 374:635-640.
Schrader KK, Blevins WT (1993). Geosmin-Producing Species of Streptomyces
and Lyngbya from Aquaculture Ponds. Can J Microbiol 39:834-840.
Shirahashi H, Murakami N, Watanabe M, Nagatsu A, Sakakibara J, Tokuda H,
Nishino H, Iwashima A (1993). Isolation and Identification of
Anti-Tumor-Promoting Principles from the Fresh-Water Cyanobacterium
Phormidium-tenue. Chem Pharm Bull Tokyo 41:1664-1666.
Sim ATR, Mudge LM (1993). Protein Phosphatase Activity in Cyanobacteria -
Consequences for Microcystin Toxicity Analysis. Toxicon 31:1179-1186.
Stocker A, Ruttimann A, Woggon WD (1993). Identification of the
Tocopherol-Cyclase in the Blue-Green Algae Anabaena variabilis Kutzing
(Cyanobacteria). Helv Chim Acta 76(4):1729-1738.
Stotts RR, Namikoshi M, Haschek WM, Rinehart KL, Carmichael WW, Dahlem AM,
Beasley VR (1993). Structural Modifications Imparting Reduced Toxicity
in Microcystins from Microcystis spp. Toxicon 31:783-789.
Tsukamoto S, Painuly P, Young KA, Yang XM, Shimizu Y, Cornell L (1993).
Microcystilide-A - A Novel Cell-Differentiation-Promoting Depsipeptide
from Microcystis aeruginosa NO-15-1840. J Am Chem Soc 115:11046-11047.
Zotou A, Jefferies TM, Brough PA, Gallagher T (1993). Determination of
Anatoxin-A and Homoanatoxin in Blue Green Algal Extracts by
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Gas Chromatography Mass
Spectrometry. Analyst 118:753-758.
****** TOXINS and NATURAL SUBSTANCES (Physiological Effects) ******
Aldridge WN (1993). The Esterases - Perspectives and Problems. Chem Biol
Interact 87:5-13.
Andersen RJ, Luu HA, Chen DZX, Holmes CFB, Kent ML, Leblanc M, Taylor FJRM,
Williams DE (1993). Chemical and Biological Evidence Links Microcystins
to Salmon Netpen Liver Disease. Toxicon 31:1315-1323.
Baquet A, Gaussin V, Bollen M, Stalmans W, Hue L (1993). Mechanism of
Activation of Liver Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase by Cell
Swelling.[microcystin-LR]. Eur J Biochem 217:1083-1089.
Brandonisio O, Maggi P, Panaro MA, Marangi A, Marzio R, Angarano G (1993).
A Cyanobacterium-like Body Found in the Stools of an HIV+ Patient with
Diarrhoea. Eur J Epidemiol 9:453-454.
Connor BA, Shlim DR, Scholes JV, Rayburn JL, Reidy J, Rajah R (1993).
Pathologic Changes in the Small Bowel in 9 Patients with Diarrhea
Associated with a Coccidia-Like Body. Ann Intern Med 119:377-382.
Dosemeci A, Reese TS (1993). Inhibition of Endogenous Phosphatase in a
Postsynaptic Density Fraction Allows Extensive Phosphorylation of the
Major Postsynaptic Density Protein.[microcystin-LR]. J Neurochem
61:550-555.
Endean R, Monks SA, Griffith JK, Llewellyn LE (1993). Apparent
Relationships Between Toxins Elaborated by the Cyanobacterium
Trichodesmium erythraeum and Those Present in the Flesh of the
Narrow-Barred Spanish Mackerel Scomberomorus commersoni. Toxicon
31:1155-1165.
Heyworth MF (1993). Cyanobacterium-Like Cyclospora Species. N Engl J Med
329:1505.
Hoge CW, Shlim DR, Echeverria P (1993). Cyanobacterium-Like Cyclospora
Species. N Engl J Med 329:1504.
Holen I, Gordon PB, Seglen PO (1993). Inhibition of Hepatocytic Autophagy
by Okadaic Acid and Other Protein Phosphatase
Inhibitors.[Microcystin-LR]. Eur J Biochem 215:113-122.
Holmes CFB, Boland MP (1993). Inhibitors of Protein Phosphatase-1 and
Phosphatase-2A - Two of the Major Serine/Threonine Protein Phosphatases
Involved in Cellular Regulation. Curr Opin Struct Biol 3:934-943.
Mulkey RM, Herron CE, Malenka RC (1993). An Essential Role for Protein
Phosphatases in Hippocampal Long-Term Depression.[Microcystin-LR].
Science 261:1051-1055.
Oxenrider KA, Rasche ME, Thorsteinsson MV, Kennelly PJ (1993). Inhibition
of an Archaeal Protein Phosphatase Activity by Okadaic Acid,
Microcystin-LR, or Calyculin-A. FEBS Lett 331:291-295.
Quinn RJ, Taylor C, Suganuma M, Fujiki H (1993). The Conserved Acid Binding
Domain Model of Inhibitors of Protein Phosphatase-1 and Phosphatase-2A -
Molecular Modelling Aspects.[Microcystin-LR]. Bioorg Medicinal Chem
Letter 3:1029-1034.
Runnegar MT, Kong SM, Berndt N (1993). Protein Phosphatase Inhibition and
Invivo Hepatotoxicity of Microcystins. Am J Physiol 265(2 Part
1):G224-G230.
Sterling CR, Ortega YR (1993). Cyanobacterium-Like Cyclospora Species -
Reply. N Engl J Med 329:1505.
Villard O, Himy R, Brogard C, Kremer M (1993). Cyanobacterium-Like
Body-Associated Diarrhea. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 17:401-402.
****** PHYSIOLOGY and METABOLISM ******
Buchholz BEE, Hayes PK, Walsby AE (1993). The Distribution of the Outer Gas
Vesicle Protein, GvpC, on the Anabaena Gas Vesicle, and Its Ratio to
GvpA. J Gen Microbiol 139:2353-2363.
Donkor VA, Amewowor DHAK, Hader DP (1993). Effects of Tropical Solar
Radiation on the Motility of Filamentous Cyanobacteria. FEMS Microbiol
Ecol 12:143-148.
Famiglietti M, Hochkoeppler A, Luisi PL (1993). Surfactant-Induced Hydrogen
Production in Cyanobacteria. Biotechnol Bioeng 42:1014-1018.
Geisler M, Richter J, Schumann J (1993). Molecular Cloning of a P-Type
ATPase Gene from the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 -
Homology to Eukaryotic Ca2+-ATPases. J Mol Biol 234:1284-1289.
Goncharova IV, Gerasimenko LM, Zavarzin GA, Ushatinskaya GT (1993).
Formation of Mineral Phosphate Microtubes in the Presence of Halophilic
Cyanobacterium Microcoleus chthonoplastes. Curr Microbiol 27:187-190.
Kataoka H, Watanabe M (1993). Negative Phototropism in Vaucheria terrestris
Regulated by Calcium. 3. The Role of Calcium Characterized by Use of a
High-Power Argon-Ion Laser as the Source of Unilateral Blue Light.
[Anabaena]. Plant Cell Physiol 34:737-744.
Laboure AM, Briat JF (1993). Uptake of Iron from Ferric Citrate in the
Cyanobacteria Synechocystis PCC6803. C R Acad Sci [III] 316:661-666.
Nagaya M, Aiba H, Mizuno T (1993). Cloning of a Sensory-Kinase-Encoding
Gene That Belongs to the 2-Component Regulatory Family from the
Cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC7942. Gene 131:119-124.
Nagaya M, Aiba H, Mizuno T (1993). A Cyanobacterial Gene Encoding a Protein
with Extensive Homology to Mammalian Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate
Synthetase. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 57:1958-1959.
Ohmori K, Ohmori M (1993). Effect of cAMP on Cellular ATP Concentration in
the Cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis. J Gen Appl Microbiol Tokyo
39:247-250.
Rendon JL, Mendoza-Hernandez G (1993). Effect of Inorganic Phosphate on the
Self-Associating Properties of Glutathione Reductase from Spirulina
maxima. Biochem Mol Biol Int 31:701-708.
Schlichting R, Bothe H (1993). The Cyanelles (Organelles of a Low
Evolutionary Scale) Possess a Phosphate-Translocator and a
Glucose-Carrier in Cyanophora Paradoxa. Bot Acta 106:428-434.
Yamada N, Murakami N, Morimoto T, Sakakibara J (1993). Auto-Growth
Inhibitory Substance from the Fresh-Water Cyanobacterium Phormidium
tenue. Chem Pharm Bull Tokyo 41:1863-1865.
****** LIPIDS and ENVELOPE COMPONENTS ******
Cohen Z, Reungjitchachawali M, Siangdung W, Tanticharoen M, Heimer YM
(1993). Herbicide-Resistant Lines of Microalgae - Growth and Fatty Acid
Composition. Phytochemistry 34:973-978.
Filalimouhim R, Cornet JF, Fontaine T, Fournet B, Dubertret G (1993).
Production, Isolation and Preliminary Characterization of the
Exopolysaccharide of the Cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis. Biotechnol
Lett 15:567-572.
Gornicki P, Scappino LA, Haselkorn R (1993). Genes for 2 Subunits of Acetyl
Coenzyme a Carboxylase of Anabaena Sp Strain PCC 7120 - Biotin
Carboxylase and Biotin Carboxyl Carrier Protein. J Bacteriol
175:5268-5272.
Hansel A, Schmid A, Tadros MH, Juergens UJ (1994). Isolation and
characterization of porin from the outer membrane of Synechococcus PCC
6301. Arch Microbiol (in press).
Higashi S, Murata N (1993). An In Vivo Study of Substrate Specificities of
Acyl-Lipid Desaturases and Acyltransferases in Lipid Synthesis in
Synechocystis PCC6803. Plant Physiol 102:1275-1278.
Jones AL, Harwood JL (1993). Lipid Metabolism in the Brown Marine Algae
Fucus vesiculosus and Ascophyllum nodosum. [Anacystis nidulans]. J Exp
Bot 44:1203-1210.
Kaya K, Sano T, Watanabe MM, Shiraishi F, Ito H (1993). Thioico-Acid Ester
in Sulfolipid Isolated from Freshwater Picoplankton Cyanobacterium,
Synechococcus Sp. Biochim Biophys Acta 1169:39-45.
Murakami N, Shirahashi H, Nagatsu A, Sakakibara J (1993). Studies on
Glycolipids. 6. New Acyl-Distributed Glyceroglycolipids from the
Nitrogen-Fixing Cyanobacterium Anabaena flos-aquae f flos-aquae. Chem
Pharm Bull Tokyo 41:1177-1179.
Wada H, Avelangemacherel MH, Murata N (1993). The desA Gene of the
Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC6803 Is the Structural Gene
for �-12 Desaturase. J Bacteriol 175:6056-6058.
Wu QY, Yin S, Sheng GY, Fu JM (1993). Distribution and Comparison of
Steranes from Blue-Green Algae Under Different Simulated Conditions. Sci
China Ser B 36:872-879.
****** STRESS RESPONSES ******
Audholia S, Goyal D, Saxena RK (1993). Zinc Tolerance in Phormidium
uncinatum. Folia Microbiol Prague 38(4):341-344.
Falkner G, Falkner R, Wagner F (1993). Adaptive Phosphate Uptake Behaviour
of the Cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans - Analysis by a Proportional
Flow-Force Relation. C R Acad Sci [III] 316:784-787.
Panoff JM (1993). Control of a Locus That Is Required for Growth of
Anabaena PCC7120 at Low Temperature. Curr Microbiol 27:273-276.
Scanlan DJ, Mann NH, Carr NG (1993). The Response of the Picoplanktonic
Marine Cyanobacterium Synechococcus Species WH7803 to Phosphate
Starvation Involves a Protein Homologous to the Periplasmic
Phosphate-Binding Protein of Escherichia coli. Mol Microbiol 10:181-191.
Vigh L, Los DA, Horvath I, Murata N (1993). The Primary Signal in the
Biological Perception of Temperature - Pd-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of
Membrane Lipids Stimulated the Expression of the desA Gene in
Synechocystis PCC6803. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:9090-9094.
Visviki I, Rachlin JW (1994). Acute and Chronic Exposure of Dunaliella
salina and Chlamydomonas bullosa to Copper and Cadmium - Effects on
Ultrastructure. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 26:154-162.
****** CIRCADIAN RHYTHM ******
Abarzua S, Altenburger R, Callies R, Grimme LH, Mayer A, Leibfritz D,
Schiewer U (1993). Ammonium Rhythm in Cultures of the Cyanobacterium
Microcystis Firma. Physiol Plant 89:659-663.
Chen TH, Pen SY, Huang TC (1993). Induction of Nitrogen-Fixing Circadian
Rhythm Synechococcus RF-1 by Light Signals. Plant Sci 92:179-182.
Hall JC, Rosbash M (1993). Oscillating Molecules and How They Move
Circadian Clocks Across Evolutionary Boundaries. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
90:5382-5383.
Huang TC, Wang ST, Grobbelaar N (1993). Circadian Rhythm Mutants of the
Prokaryotic Synechococcus RF-1. Curr Microbiol 27:249-254.
Kondo T, Strayer CA, Kulkarni RD, Taylor W, Ishiura M, Golden SS, Johnson
CH (1993). Circadian Rhythms in Prokaryotes - Luciferase as a Reporter
of Circadian Gene Expression in Cyanobacteria. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
90:5672-5676.
**NITROGEN METABOLISM, NITROGEN FIXATION, and HETEROCYST DIFFERENTIATION**
Cohenkupiec R, Gurevitz M, Zilberstein A (1993). Expression of glnA in the
Cyanobacterium Synechococcus Sp Strain PCC 7942 Is Initiated from a
Single nif-Like Promoter Under Various Nitrogen Conditions. J Bacteriol
175:7727-7731.
Lara C, Rodriguez R, Guerrero MG (1993). Nitrate Transport in the
Cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans. Physiol Plant 89:582-587.
Martinez J, Azam F (1993). Aminopeptidase Activity in Marine Chroococcoid
Cyanobacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 59:3701-3707.
Paneque A, Munozcenteno MC, Ruiz MT, Cejudo FJ (1993). Nitrate Permease
from Azotobacter chroococcum. [Synechococcus]. Physiol Plant 89:592-595.
Schmidt J, Bubunenko M, Subramanian AR (1993). A Novel Operon Organization
Involving the Genes for Chorismate Synthase (Aromatic Biosynthesis
Pathway) and Ribosomal GTPase Center Proteins (L11, L1, L10, L12:
rplKAJL) in Cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803. J Biol Chem
268:27447-27457.
Singh S (1993). Role of Glutamine Synthetase, Glutamine and NH4+ in the
Regulation of NO2- Uptake in the Cyanobiont Nostoc ANTH. J Plant Physiol
142:403-406.
Suzuki I, Sugiyama T, Omata T (1993). Primary Structure and Transcriptional
Regulation of the Gene for Nitrite Reductase from the Cyanobacterium
Synechococcus PCC 7942. Plant Cell Physiol 34:1311-1320.
Watt DA, Amory AM, Cresswell CF (1993). Constitutive and Inducible Aspects
of Nitrate-Nitrogen Uptake by Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.[Synechococcus].
Physiol Plant 89:507-511.
Bauer CC, Scappino L, Haselkorn R (1993). Growth of the Cyanobacterium
Anabaena on Molecular Nitrogen - NifJ Is Required When Iron Is Limited.
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:8812-8816.
Bergman B, Siddiqui PJA, Carpenter EJ, Peschek GA (1993). Cytochrome
Oxidase - Subcellular Distribution and Relationship to Nitrogenase
Expression in the Nonheterocystous Marine Cyanobacterium Trichodesmium
thiebautii. Appl Environ Microbiol 59:3239-3244.
Singh HN, Chakravarty D, Rao KS, Singh AK (1993). Vanadium Requirement for
Growth on N2 or Nitrate as Nitrogen Source in a Tungsten-Resistant Mutant
of the Cyanobacterium Nostoc-muscorum. J Basic Microbiol 33(3):201-205.
Thiel T (1993). Characterization of Genes for an Alternative Nitrogenase in
the Cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis. J Bacteriol 175:6276-6286.
Troshina OY, Yakunin AF, Gogotov IN (1992). Growth and Activity of
Nitrogen-Metabolism Enzymes in Free-Living Cultures of Anabaena Azollae
and Its Mutants Resistant to Ethylenediamine. Microbiology-Engl Tr
61:706-710.
Black TA, Cai YP, Wolk CP (1993). Spatial Expression and Autoregulation of
hetR, a Gene Involved in the Control of Heterocyst Development in
Anabaena. Mol Microbiol 9:77-84.
Madan AP, Nierzwicki-Bauer SA (1993). In situ Detection of Transcripts for
Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase in Cyanobacterial Heterocysts. J
Bacteriol 175:7301-7306.
Sarma TA, Khattar JIS (1993). Akinete Differentiation in Phototrophic,
Photoheterotrophic and Chemoheterotrophic Conditions in Anabaena
torulosa. Folia Microbiol Prague 38(4):335-340.
Wei TF, Ramasubramanian TS, Pu F, Golden JW (1993). Anabaena Sp Strain
PCC 7120 bifA Gene Encoding a Sequence-Specific DNA-Binding Protein
Cloned by Invivo Transcriptional Interference Selection. J Bacteriol
175:4025-4035.
Zhang CC (1993). A Gene Encoding a Protein Related to Eukaryotic Protein
Kinases from the Filamentous Heterocystous Cyanobacterium Anabaena
PCC 7120. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:11840-11844.
****** CARBON METABOLISM ******
Amichay D, Levitz R, Gurevitz M (1993). Construction of a Synechocystis
PCC6803 Mutant Suitable for the Study of Variant Hexadecameric Ribulose
Bisphosphate Carboxylase Oxygenase Enzymes. Plant Mol Biol 23:465-476.
Badger MR, Schreiber U (1993). Effects of Inorganic Carbon Accumulation on
Photosynthetic Oxygen Reduction and Cyclic Electron Flow in the
Cyanobacterium Synechococcus PCC7942. Photosynth Res 37:177-191.
Friedberg D, Jager KM, Kessel M, Silman NJ, Bergman B (1993). Rubisco But
Not Rubisco Activase Is Clustered in the Carboxysomes of the
Cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942 - Mud-Induced Carboxysomeless
Mutants. Mol Microbiol 9:1193-1201.
Hubbs AE, Roy H (1993). Assembly of Invitro Synthesized Large Subunits into
Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase - Formation and Discharge of
an L8-Like Species. J Biol Chem 268:13519-13525.
Lee GJ, Kostov RV, McFadden BA (1993). A facile method to determine the
CO2/O2 specificity factor for ribulose biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase.
Photosyn Res 37:81-86.
Lee GJ, McDonald KA, Mcfadden BA (1993). Leucine-332 Influences the CO2/O2
Specificity Factor of Ribulose-1, 5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase Oxygenase
from Anacystis nidulans. Protein Sci 2:1147-1154.
Newman J, Gutteridge S (1993). The X-Ray Structure of Synechococcus
Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase-Activated Quaternary Complex
at 2.2-angstrom Resolution. J Biol Chem 268:25876-25886.
Paul K, Morell MK, Andrews TJ (1993). Amino-Terminal Truncations of the
Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase Small Subunit Influence Catalysis and
Subunit Interactions. Plant Physiol 102:1129-1137.
Shiraiwa Y, Goyal A, Tolbert NE (1993). Alkalization of the Medium by
Unicellular Green Algae During Uptake of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon.
Plant Cell Physiol 34:649-657.
Sultemeyer D, Schmidt C, Fock HP (1993). Carbonic Anhydrases in Higher
Plants and Aquatic Microorganisms. Physiol Plant 88:179-190.
Turpin DH (1993). Phytoplankton Growth and CO2. Nature 363:678.
Williams TG, Colman B (1993). Identification of Distinct Internal and
External Isozymes of Carbonic Anhydrase in Chlorella saccharophila.
[Synechococcus]. Plant Physiol 103:943-948.
****** PHOTOSYNTHESIS ******
Frackowiak D, Skibinski A, Zelent B, Leblanc RM (1993). Study of Energy
Transfer in the Antenna System Isolated from Mastigocladus laminosus
Cohn. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 197:28-33.
Govindjee, Snel JFH, Devos OJ, Vanrensen JJS (1993). Antagonistic Effects
of Light-I and Light-II on Chlorophyll-A Fluorescence Yield and P700
Turnover as Monitors of Carbon Dioxide Depletion in Intact Algal and
Cyanobacterial Cells. Physiol Plant 89:143-148.
Komenda J, Masojidek J, Bocek J, Prasil O (1993). Reversible and
irreversible changes of fluorescence parameters during photoinhibition
in the Synechococcus elongatus cells. Photosynthetica 28:249-251.
Lu R-Z, Liu B (1993). Fluorescence emission, energy transfer and structure
of phycobilisomes from Nostoc flagelliforme Born. et Flah. during
dissociation. Photosynthetica 28:253-258.
Miki K, Tamada T, Nishida H, Inaka K, Yasui A, Deruiter PE, Eker APM
(1993). Crystallization and Preliminary X-Ray Diffraction Studies of
Photolyase (Photoreactivating Enzyme) from the Cyanobacterium Anacystis
nidulans. J Mol Biol 233:167-169.
Misra HS, Tuli R (1993). Photosystem II Independent Carbon Dioxide Fixation
in Plectonema boryanum During Photoautotrophic Growth Under Nitrogen
Fixation Conditions. J Plant Biochem Biotechnol 2:101-104.
Murakami A, Fujita Y (1993). Regulation of Stoichiometry Between PSI and
PSII in Response to Light Regime for Photosynthesis Observed with
Synechocystis PCC 6714 - Relationship Between Redox State of Cyt b6-F
Complex and Regulation of PSI Formation. Plant Cell Physiol
34:1175-1180.
Murthy SDS, Mohanty P (1993). Mercury Ions Inhibit Photosynthetic Electron
Transport at Multiple Sites in the Cyanobacterium Synechococcus-6301. J
Biosciences 18:355-360.
Oquist G, Hurry VM, Huner NPA (1993). The Temperature Dependence of the
Redox State of QA and Susceptibility of Photosynthesis to
Photoinhibition. Plant Physiol Biochem 31:683-691.
Ploug H, Lassen C, Jorgensen BB (1993). Action Spectra of Microalgal
Photosynthesis and Depth Distribution of Spectral Scalar Irradiance in a
Coastal Marine Sediment of Limfjorden, Denmark. FEMS Microbiol Ecol
12:69-78.
Post AF, Ohad I, Warner KM, Bullerjahn GS (1993). Energy Distribution
Between Photosystem I and Photosystem II in the Photosynthetic
Prokaryote Prochlorothrix-hollandica Involves a Chlorophyll-a/b Antenna
Which Associates with Photosystem I. Biochim Biophys Acta 1144:374-384.
Reuter W, Muller C (1993). Adaptation of the Photosynthetic Apparatus of
Cyanobacteria to Light and CO2. J Photochem Photobiol B-Biol 21:3-27.
Shyam R, Raghavendra AS, Sane PV (1993). Role of Dark Respiration in
Photoinhibition of Photosynthesis and Its Reactivation in the
Cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans. Physiol Plant 88:446-452.
Smith D, Howe CJ (1993). The Distribution of Photosystem I and
Photosystem II Polypeptides Between the Cytoplasmic and Thylakoid
Membranes of Cyanobacteria. FEMS Microbiol Lett 110:341-347.
****** PHOTOSYSTEM I ******
Cohen Y, Chitnis VP, Nechushtai R, Chitnis PR (1993). Stable Assembly of
PsaE into Cyanobacterial Photosynthetic Membranes Is Dependent on the
Presence of Other Accessory Subunits of Photosystem I. Plant Mol Biol
23:895-900.
Fork DC, Herbert SK (1993). Electron Transport and Photophosphorylation by
Photosystem I In vivo in Plants and Cyanobacteria. Photosynth Res
36:149-168.
Golbeck JH (1993). The Structure of Photosystem I. Curr Opin Struct Biol
3:508-514.
Holzwarth AR, Schatz G, Brock H, Bittersmann E (1993). Energy Transfer and
Charge Separation Kinetics in Photosystem I. 1. Picosecond Transient
Absorption and Fluorescence Study of Cyanobacterial Photosystem I
Particles. Biophys J 64:1813-1826.
Ikegami I, Itoh S, Warren PG, Golbeck JH (1993). Reconstitution of the
Photosystem I Secondary Quinone Acceptor (A1) in the P700-F(X) Core
Isolated from Synechococcus PCC 6301. Plant Cell Physiol 34:849-853.
Kaurov YN, Aksyonova GE, Lovyagina ER, Veselova TV, Ivanov II (1993).
Thermally-Induced Delayed Luminescence from PS I in Membranes of
Thermophilic Cyanobacteria. Biochim Biophys Acta 1143:97-103.
Kruip J, Boekema EJ, Bald D, Boonstra AF, Rogner M (1993). Isolation and
Structural Characterization of Monomeric and Trimeric Photosystem I
Complexes (P700-FA/FB and P700-FX) from the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis
PCC 6803. J Biol Chem 268:23353-23360.
Lockau W, Nitschke W (1993). Photosystem I and Its Bacterial Counterparts.
Physiol Plant 88:372-381.
Maeda H, Watanabe T, Sonoike K (1993). Chemical Environment Heterogeneity
Around the 2 Chlorophyll-a' Molecules in Photosystem I. J Photochem
Photobiol B-Biol 20:139-143.
Nyhus KJ, Thiel T, Pakrasi HB (1993). Targeted interruption of the psaA and
psaB genes encoding the reaction-centre proteins of Photosystem I in the
filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413. Molec
Microbiol 9:979-988.
Nyhus KJ, Thiel T, Pakrasi HB (1993). Targeted Interruption of the psaA and
psaB Genes Encoding the Reaction-Centre Proteins of Photosystem I in the
Filamentous Cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis ATCC-29413. Mol Microbiol
9:979-988.
Obokata J, Mikami K, Hayashida N, Nakamura M, Sugiura M (1993). Molecular
Heterogeneity of Photosystem I - psaD, psaE, psaF, psaH, and psaL Are
All Present in Isoforms in Nicotiana spp.[Synechocystis PCC6803]. Plant
Physiol 102:1259-1267.
Prisner TF, McDermott AE, Un S, Norris JR, Thurnauer MC, Griffin RG (1993).
Measurement of the g-tensor of the P700+ - Signal from Deuterated
Cyanobacterial Photosystem I Particles. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
90:9485-9488.
Shubin VV, Tsuprun VL, Bezsmertnaya IN, Karapetyan NV (1993). Trimeric
Forms of the Photosystem I Reaction Center Complex Pre-Exist in the
Membranes of the Cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis. FEBS Lett
334:79-82.
Weber N, Strotmann H (1993). On the Function of Subunit-PsaE in Chloroplast
Photosystem I. Biochim Biophys Acta 1143:204-210.
Yu L, Zhao JD, Muhlenhoff U, Bryant DA, Golbeck JH (1993). PsaE Is Required
for In Vivo Cyclic Electron Flow Around Photosystem I in the
Cyanobacterium Synechococcus Sp-PCC 7002. Plant Physiol 103:171-180.
Zhao J, Snyder WB, Muhlenhoff U, Rhiel E, Warren PV, Golbeck JH, Bryant DA
(1993). Cloning and Characterization of the psaE Gene of the
Cyanobacterium Synechococcus Sp PCC 7002 - Characterization of a psaE
Mutant and Overproduction of the Protein in Escherichia coli. Mol
Microbiol 9:183-194.
****** PHOTOSYSTEM II ******
[Proceedings] (1993). FESPP Workshop on the Environmental Factors Affecting
Photosystem 2 (Szeged, 1992). Photosynthetica 28:162-288.
Boerner RJ, Barry BA (1993). Isotopic labeling and EPR spectroscopy show
that a tyrosine residue is the terminal electron donor, Z, in
manganese-depleted photosystem II preparations. J Biol Chem 268:17151-.
Carpenter SD, Ohad I, Vermaas WFJ (1993). Analysis of Chimeric
Spinach/Cyanobacterial CP43 Mutants of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 - The
Chlorophyll-Protein CP43 Affects the Water-Splitting System of
Photosystem II. Biochim Biophys Acta 1144:204-212.
Clarke AK, Hurry VM, Gustafsson P, Oquist G (1993). Two Functionally
Distinct Forms of the Photosystem II Reaction-Center Protein D1 in the
Cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
90:11985-11989.
Clarke AK, Soitamo A, Gustafsson P, Oquist G (1993). Rapid Interchange
Between Two Distinct Forms of Cyanobacterial Photosystem II
Reaction-Center Protein-D1 in Response to Photoinhibition. Proc Natl
Acad Sci USA 90:9973-9977.
Eggers B, Vermaas W (1993). Truncation of the D2 Protein in Synechocystis
sp. PCC 6803 - A Role of the C-Terminal Domain of D2 in Photosystem II
Function and Stability. Biochemistry 32:11419-11427.
Elanskaya IV, Brown MN, Gadziev AG, Shestakov SV (1993). Mutational
Analysis of the Genes Encoding the Photosystem II Proteins in
Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. 6803. Genetika 29:1620-1629.
Ermakova SY, Elanskaya IV, Kallies KU, Weihe A, B�rner T, Shestakov SV
(1993). Cloning and Sequencing of Mutant psbB Genes of the
Cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803. Photosynth Res 37:139-146.
Fotinou C, Kokkinidis M, Fritzsch G, Haase W, Michel H, Ghanotakis DF
(1993). Characterization of a Photosystem II Core and Its 3-Dimensional
Crystals. Photosynth Res 37:41-48.
Han K, Katoh S (1993). Different Localization of 2 Ca2+ in Spinach
Oxygen-Evolving Photosystem II Membranes - Evidence for Involvement of
Only One Ca2+ in Oxygen Evolution.[Synechococcus]. Plant Cell Physiol
34:585-593.
Johnson CH, Schmidt GW (1993). The psbB Gene Cluster of the Chlamydomonas
reinhardtii Chloroplast - Sequence and Transcriptional Analyses of psbN
and psbH. Plant Mol Biol 22:645-658.
Kloos R, Stevens E, Oettmeier W (1993). Complete Sequence of One Copy of
the psba Gene from the Thermophilic Cyanobacterium Synechococcus
Elongatus. Z Naturforsch C 48:799-802.
Kretschmann H, Witt HT (1993). Chemical Reduction of the Water Splitting
Enzyme System of Photosynthesis and Its Light-Induced Reoxidation
Characterized by Optical and Mass Spectrometric Measurements. Biochim
Biophys Acta 1144:331-345.
Kuhn MG, Vermaas WFJ (1993). Deletion Mutations in a Long Hydrophilic Loop
in the Photosystem II Chlorophyll-Binding Protein CP43 in the
Cyanobacterium Synechocystis Sp PCC6803. Plant Mol Biol 23:123-133.
Kulkarni RD, Mueller UW, Golden SS (1993). Nucleotide Sequence of psbB from
Synechococcus Sp Strain PCC 7942. Biochim Biophys Acta 1173:329-332.
Li RX, Golden SS (1993). Enhancer Activity of Light-Responsive Regulatory
Elements in the Untranslated Leader Regions of Cyanobacterial psbA
Genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:11678-11682.
Mannan RM, Pakrasi HB (1993). Dark Heterotrophic Growth Conditions Result
in an Increase in the Content of Photosystem II Units in the Filamentous
Cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413. Plant Physiol
103:971-977.
Mayes SR, Dallachiesa M, Zhang ZH, Barber J (1993). The Genes aroA and trnQ
Are Located Upstream of psbO in the Chromosome of Synechocystis 6803.
FEBS Lett 325:255-261. Correction 327:123.
Meunier PC, Bendall DS (1993). On the Rates of Cyclic Electron Transport
Around Photosystem II in the Presence of Donor Side Limitation.
Photosynth Res 37:147-158.
Misra HS, Desai TS (1993). Involvement of Acceptor Side Components of PSII
in the Regulatory Mechanism of Plectonema boryanum Grown
Photoautotrophically Under Diazotrophic Condition. Biochem Biophys Res
Commun 194:1001. Correction 197:350.
Mohanty P, Hayashi H, Papageorgiou GC, Murata N (1993). Stabilization of
the Mn-cluster of the oxygen-evolving complex by glycinebetaine. Biochim
Biophys Acta 1144:92-.
Pistorius EK (1993). The Identity of the Water Oxidizing Enzyme in
Photosystem II Is Still Controversial. Physiol Plant 87:624-631.
Ponticos M, Shipton CA, de las Rivas J, Barber J (1993). Two D1 protein
degradation patterns in isolated photosystem 2 core and reaction centre
complexes.Photosynthetica 28:215-224.
Shen JR, Inoue Y (1993). Cellular Localization of Cytochrome c550 - Its
Specific Association with Cyanobacterial Photosystem II. J Biol Chem
268:20408-20413.
Singh DP, Sharma SK, Bisen PS (1993). Differential Action of Hg2+ and Cd2+
on the Phycobilisomes and Chlorophyll-a Fluorescence, and Photosystem II
Dependent Electron Transport in the Cyanobacterium Anabaena flos-aquae.
Biometals 6:125-132.
Styring S, Davidsson L, Tommos C, Vermaas W, Vass I, Svensson B (1993).
Structure of redox components in Photosystem 2 studied with computer
modelling, site-directed mutagenesis and EPR spectroscopy.
Photosynthetica 28:225-241.
Tang XS, Chisholm DA, Dismukes GC, Brudvig GW, Diner BA (1993).
Spectroscopic Evidence from Site-Directed Mutants of Synechocystis
PCC6803 in Favor of a Close Interaction Between Histidine-189 and
Redox-Active Tyrosine-1608 Both of Polypeptide D2 of the Photosystem II
Reaction Center. Biochemistry 32:13742-13748.
****** PHYCOBILISOMES and PIGMENTS ******
Apt KE, Hoffman NE, Grossman AR (1993). The gamma-Subunit of R-phyco-
erythrin and Its Possible Mode of Transport into the Plastid of Red
Algae. J Biol Chem 268:16208-16215.
Betz M, Ruegsegger U, Esteban AM, Sidler WA, Zuber H (1993). Reconstitution
of the Core Complex (alpha-beta)3APC LC8.9 of the Phycobilisome from
Mastigocladus laminosus Using the LC8.9 Linker Polypeptide Overexpressed
in Escherichia coli. Biol Chem Hoppe Seyler 374:435-443.
Demidov AA, Borisov AYu (1993). Computer Simulation of Energy Migration in
the C-Phycocyanin of the Blue-Green Algae Agmenellum quadruplicatum.
Biophys J 64:1375-1384.
Demidov AA, Borisov AYu (1993). Numerical Modeling of Energy Migration in
C-Phycocyanin of the Blue-Green Alga Agmenellum quadruplicatum.
Biofizika 38:133-143.
Dubbs JM, Bryant DA (1993). Organization and Transcription of the Genes
Encoding 2 Differentially Expressed Phycocyanins in the Cyanobacterium
Pseudanabaena Sp PCC 7409. Photosynth Res 36:169-183.
Erokhina LG (1992). Spectral Effects of Chromatic Adaptation of
Nitrogen-Fixing Cyanobacteria Growing on Different Nitrogen Sources.
Microbiology-Engl Tr 61:673-679.
Ficner R, Huber R (1993). Refined Crystal Structure of Phycoerythrin from
Porphyridium cruentum at 0.23-nm Resolution and Localization of the
gamma Subunit. Eur J Biochem 218:103-106.
Gottschalk L, Lottspeich F, Scheer H (1993). Reconstitution of
Allophycocyanin from Mastigocladus laminosus with Isolated Linker
Polypeptide. Photochem Photobiol 58:761-767.
Grossman AR, Schaefer MR, Chiang GG, Collier JL (1993). The Phycobilisome,
a Light-Harvesting Complex Responsive to Environmental Conditions.
Microbiol Rev 57:725-749.
Hong Q, Zhao KH, Scheer H (1993). Two Different Types of Photochemistry in
Phycoerythrocyanin alpha-Subunit. Photochem Photobiol 58:745-747.
Patnaik J, Swain N, Adhikary SP (1993). Differential Response of Two
Species of the Cyanobacterium Anabaena to Ultraviolet (UV-C)
Irradiation. J Basic Microbiol 33(6):427-432.
Thomas BA, Bricker TM, Klotz AV (1993). Post-Translational Methylation of
Phycobilisomes and Oxygen Evolution Efficiency in Cyanobacteria. Biochim
Biophys Acta 1143:104-108.
Xia AD, Zhu JC, Wu HJ, Jiang LJ, Zhang XY, Sudha M, Sai PSM (1993).
Time-Resolved Polarized Absorption of C-Phycocyanin from the
Cyanobacterium Westiellopsis prolifica. J Photochem Photobiol B-Biol
19:111-117.
Burnap RL, Troyan T, Sherman LA (1993). The Highly Abundant
Chlorophyll-Protein Complex of Iron-Deficient Synechococcus Sp PCC7942
(CP43) Is Encoded by the isiA Gene. Plant Physiol 103:893-902.
Chamovitz D, Sandmann G, Hirschberg J (1993). Molecular and Biochemical
Characterization of Herbicide-Resistant Mutants of Cyanobacteria Reveals
That Phytoene Desaturation Is a Rate-Limiting Step in Carotenoid
Biosynthesis. J Biol Chem 268:17348-17353.
Cunningham FX, Chamovitz D, Misawa N, Gantt E, Hirschberg J (1993). Cloning
and Functional Expression in Escherichia coli of a Cyanobacterial Gene
for Lycopene Cyclase, the Enzyme That Catalyzes the Biosynthesis of
beta-Carotene. FEBS Lett 328:130-138.
Hinterstoisser B, Cichna M, Kuntner O, Peschek GA (1993). Cooperation of
Plasma and Thylakoid Membranes for the Biosynthesis of Chlorophyll in
Cyanobacteria - The Role of the Thylakoid Centers. J Plant Physiol
142:407-413.
Linden H, Lucas MM, Defelipe MR, Sandmann G (1993). Immunogold Localization
of Phytoene Desaturase in Higher Plant Chloroplasts.[Synechococcus].
Physiol Plant 88:229-236.
Tyacke RJ, Harwood JL, John RA (1993). Properties of the Pyridoxaldimine
Form of Glutamate Semialdehyde Aminotransferase
(glutamate-1-semialdehyde 2, 1-aminomutase) and Analysis of Its Role as
an Intermediate in the Formation of Aminolaevulinate.[Synechococcus].
Biochem J 293:697-701.
****** ELECTRON TRANSPORT and BIOENERGETICS ******
Berger S, Ellersiek U, Kinzelt D, Steinmuller K (1993). Immunopurification
of a Subcomplex of the NAD(P)H-Plastoquinone-Oxidoreductase from the
Cyanobacterium Synechocystis Sp PCC6803. FEBS Lett 326:246-250.
Correction 330:110.
Fillat MF, Flores E, Gomez-Moreno C (1993). Homology of the N-Terminal
Domain of the petH Gene Product from Anabaena Sp PCC 7119 to the CpcD
Phycobilisome Linker Polypeptide. Plant Mol Biol 22:725-729.
Sone N, Tano H, Ishizuka M (1993). The Genes in the Thermophilic
Cyanobacterium Synechococcus vulcanus Encoding Cytochrome c Oxidase.
Biochim Biophys Acta 1183:130-138.
Tollin G, Hurley JK, Hazzard JT, Meyer TE (1993). Use of Laser Flash
Photolysis Time-Resolved Spectrophotometry to Investigate Interprotein
and Intraprotein Electron Transfer Mechanisms.[Anabaena]. Biophys Chem
48:259-279.
Bovy A, Dekruif J, Devrieze G, Borrias M, Weisbeek P (1993). Iron-Dependent
Protection of the Synechococcus Ferredoxin-I Transcript Against
Nucleolytic Degradation Requires Cis-Regulatory Sequences in the 5' Part
of the Messenger RNA. Plant Mol Biol 22:1047-1065.
Gisselmann G, Klausmeier P, Schwenn JD (1993). The ferredoxin:sulphite
reductase gene from Synechococcus PCC7942. Biochim Biophys Acta
1144:102-.
Hurley JK, Cheng H, Xia B, Markley JL, Medina M, Gomez-Moreno C, Tollin G
(1993). An Aromatic Amino Acid Is Required at Position-65 in Anabaena
Ferredoxin for Rapid Electron Transfer to Ferredoxin:NADP+ Reductase. J
Am Chem Soc 115:11698-11701.
Hurley JK, Salamon Z, Meyer TE, Fitch JC, Cusanovich MA, Markley JL, Cheng
H, Xia B, Chae YK, Medina M, Gomez-Moreno C, Tollin G (1993). Amino
Acid Residues in Anabaena Ferredoxin Crucial to Interaction with
Ferredoxin NADP+ Reductase - Site-Directed Mutagenesis and Laser Flash
Photolysis. Biochemistry 32:9346-9354.
Jacobson BL, Chae YK, Markley JL, Rayment I, Holden HM (1993). Molecular
Structure of the Oxidized, Recombinant, Heterocyst [2Fe-2S] Ferredoxin
from Anabaena-7120 Determined to 1.7-Angstrom Resolution. Biochemistry
32:6788-6793.
Lloyd E, Tomkinson NP, Salmon GA, Sykes AG (1993). Pulse Radiolysis and
Related Studies on the Ru-Modified His-16 Derivative of Anabaena
variabilis [2Fe-2S] Ferredoxin. Biochim Biophys Acta 1202:113-120.
Pueyo JJ, Gomezmoreno C (1993). Interaction of Flavodoxin with
Cyanobacterial Thylakoids. Photosynth Res 38:35-39.
Redinbo MR, Cascio D, Choukair MK, Rice D, Merchant S, Yeates TO (1993).
The 1.5-angstrom Crystal Structure of Plastocyanin from the Green Alga
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Biochemistry 32:10560-10567.
Schmitz S, Schrautemeier B, Bohme H (1993). Evidence from Directed
Mutagenesis That Positively Charged Amino Acids Are Necessary for
Interaction of Nitrogenase with the [2Fe-2S] Heterocyst Ferredoxin
(FdxH) from the Cyanobacterium Anabaena sp., PCC7120. Mol Gen Genet
240:455-460.
Yakunin AF, Gogotov IN (1993). Natural Electron Donors for the Nitrogenase
Reaction in the Cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis. Microbiology-Engl Tr
62:53-57.
Yakunin AF, Hallenbeck PC, Troshina OY, Gogotov IN (1993). Purification and
Properties of a Flavodoxin from the Heterocystous Cyanobacterium
Anabaena sphaerica. Biochim Biophys Acta 1164:305-310.
Yakunin AF, Troshina OY, Gogotov IN (1993). Properties of Flavodoxin and
Regulation of Its Synthesis in Anabaena sphaerica. Microbiology-Engl Tr
62:58-62.
Fresneau C, Riviere ME, Arrio B (1993). Characterization of the Plasmalemma
ATPase from the Cyanobacteria Synechococcus PCC 6311 and PCC 7942. Arch
Biochem Biophys 306:254-260.
Krenn BE, Vanwalraven HS, Scholts MJC, Kraayenhof R (1993). Modulation of
the Proton-Translocation Stoichiometry of H+-ATP Synthases in Two
Phototrophic Prokaryotes by External pH.[Synechococcus]. Biochem J
294:705-709.
Lill H, Burkovski A, Altendorf K, Junge W, Engelbrecht S (1993).
Complementation of Escherichia coli-unc Mutant Strains by Chloroplast
and Cyanobacterial F1-ATPase Subunits. Biochim Biophys Acta
1144:278-284.
Ohta Y, Yoshioka T, Mochimaru M, Hisabori T, Sakurai H (1993). Tentoxin
Inhibits Both Photophosphorylation in Thylakoids and the ATPase Activity
of Isolated Coupling Factor-F1 from the Cyanobacterium Anacystis
nidulans. Plant Cell Physiol 34:523-529.
Margheri MC, Allotta G (1993). Homoacetic Fermentation in the
Cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. Strain Cc from Cycas circinalis. FEMS
Microbiol Lett 111:213-217.
****** MOLECULAR GENETICS and METABOLISM OF MACROMOLECULES ******
Cobley JG, Zerweck E, Reyes R, Mody A, Seludounson JR, Jaeger H,
Weerasuriya S, Navankasattusas S (1993). Construction of Shuttle
Plasmids Which Can Be Efficiently Mobilized from Escherichia coli into
the Chromatically Adapting Cyanobacterium, Fremyella diplosiphon.
Plasmid 30:90-105.
Dolganov N, Grossman AR (1993). Insertional Inactivation of Genes to
Isolate Mutants of Synechococcus Sp Strain PCC 7942 - Isolation of
Filamentous Strains. J Bacteriol 175:7644-7651.
Marraccini P, Bulteau S, Cassier-Chauvat C, Mermetbouvier P, Chauvat F
(1993). A Conjugative Plasmid Vector for Promoter Analysis in Several
Cyanobacteria of the Genera Synechococcus and Synechocystis. Plant Mol
Biol 23:905-909.
Mermet-Bouvier P, Cassier-Chauvat C, Marraccini P, Chauvat F (1993).
Transfer and Replication of RSF1010-Derived Plasmids in Several
Cyanobacteria of the General Synechocystis and Synechococcus. Curr
Microbiol 27:323-327.
Soltesrak E, Kushner DJ, Williams DD, Coleman JR (1993). Effect of Promoter
Modification on Mosquitocidal cryIVB Gene Expression in Synechococcus Sp
Strain PCC 7942. Appl Environ Microbiol 59:2404-2410.
Chen XG, Widger WR (1993). Physical Genome Map of the Unicellular
Cyanobacterium Synechococcus Sp Strain PCC 7002. J Bacteriol
175:5106-5116.
Elhai J (1993). Strong and Regulated Promoters in the Cyanobacterium
Anabaena PCC 7120. FEMS Microbiol Lett 114:179-184.
Park HW, Sancar A, Deisenhofer J (1993). Crystallization and Preliminary
Crystallographic Analysis of Escherichia coli DNA
Photolyase.[Anacystis]. J Mol Biol 231:1122-1125.
Sakamoto T, Shirai M, Asayama M, Aida T, Sato A, Tanaka K, Takahashi H,
Nakano M (1993). Characteristics of DNA and Multiple rpoD Homologs of
Microcystis (Synechocystis) Strains. Int J Syst Bact 43:844-847.
Tominaga H, Hayashida Y, Hosoya Y, Kurokawa M, Sawa Y, Ochiai H (1993).
Characterization of a Small Cryptic Plasmid, pPF1, from Phormidium
foveolarum and Vector Construction. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem
57:1795-1799.
Tominaga H, Soejima K, Kawagishi S, Ashida H, Sawa Y, Ochiai H (1993).
Structural Organization of a Cryptic Plasmid, pMA1, from Microcystis
aeruginosa f. aeruginosa Kutzing. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem
57:1503-1507.
Yang XY, Mcfadden BA (1993). A Small Plasmid, pCA2.4, from the
Cyanobacterium Synechocystis Sp Strain PCC 6803 Encodes a Rep Protein
and Replicates by a Rolling Circle Mechanism. J Bacteriol 175:3981-3991.
Filippovich II, Zabalueva KT, Zvereva MG, Shatilov VR (1993). Occurrence of
ribosome-containing structures in Phormidium laminosum photosynthetic
membranes. Photosynthetica 29:409-416.
Kumar PA, Kruse E, Andriesse X, Weisbeek P, Kloppstech K (1993).
Integration of a Cyanobacterial Protein Involved in Nitrate Reduction
(narB) into Isolated Synechococcus But Not into Pea Thylakoid Membranes.
Eur J Biochem 214:533-537.
Zabalueva KT, Shatilov VR, Filippovich II (1993). Characterization of
ribosome-containing rod-like structures isolated from Phormidium
laminosum photosynthetic membranes. Photosynthetica 29:463-467.
****** APPLIED CYANOBACTERIOLOGY ******
Megharaj M, Pearson HW, Venkateswarlu K (1993). Toxicity of Carbofuran to
Soil Isolates of Chlorella vulgaris, Nostoc linckia and N. muscorum.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 39:644-648.
Prevot P, Perret E, Jupin H, Soyergobillard MO (1993). Fluorescence
Induction Used to Measure Parathion Toxicity in the Marine
Dinoflagellate Prorocentrum micans - A Possible Model for
Biodetection.[Synechocystis]. Ecotoxicol Environ Safety 25:360-371.
Marquez FJ, Sasaki K, Kakizono T, Nishio N, Nagai S (1993). Growth
Characteristics of Spirulina platensis in Mixotrophic and Heterotrophic
Conditions. J Ferment Bioeng 76(5):408-410.
Avery SV, Codd GA, Gadd GM (1993). Biosorption of Tributyltin and Other
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Biotechnol 39:812-817.
Garnham GW, Codd GA, Gadd GM (1993). Accumulation of Zirconium by
Microalgae and Cyanobacteria. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 39:666-672.
Gil JM, Serra JL (1993). Nitrate Removal by Immobilized Cells of Phormidium
uncinatum in Batch Culture and a Continuous-Flow Photobioreactor. Appl
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Mahesh G, Kannaiyan S (1993). Effect of Immobilization of Cyanobacteria in
Solid Matrix on Ammonia Excretion and Nitrogen Fixing Activity.
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Manoharan C, Subramanian G (1993). Feasibility studies on using
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Manoharan C, Subramanian G (1992). Sewage-cyanobacterial interaction -- a
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Manoharan C, Subramanian G (1993). Influence of effluents on fatty acid
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Porter AG, Davidson EW, Liu JW (1993). Mosquitocidal Toxins of Bacilli and
Their Genetic Manipulation for Effective Biological Control of
Mosquitoes. Microbiol Rev 57:838-861.
Reyes JC, Chavez S, Muropastor MI, Candau P, Florencio FJ (1993). Effect of
Glucose Utilization on Nitrite Excretion by the Unicellular
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59:3161-3163.
Subramanian G, Rajini VS, Uma L (1992). Studies on cyanobacterial
immobilization. In: Biological Nitrogen Fixation and Biogas Technology,
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Uma L, Subramanian G (1990). Effective use of cyanobacteria in effluent
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ADDRESSES*ADDRESSES*ADDRESSES*ADDRESSES*ADDRESSES*ADDRESSES*ADDRESSES*ADDRE
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Send CONTRIBUTIONS to one of the addresses listed below. To SUBSCRIBE,
send $10 U.S. (or equivalent in any currency) per year to Jeff Elhai, along
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AUSTRALIA Steve Delaney Department of Biotechnology,
/NEW ZEALAND University of New South Wales, P.O.
Box 1, Kensington, New South Wales
AUSTRALIA 2033
AUSTRIA Georg Schmetterer Institut fur Physikalische Chemie,
Wahringerstrasse 42, A-1090 Wien
(EMail) A8422dad@Awiuni11
CANADA Neil Strauss Dept. of Botany, University of
Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1.
(E-mail) StrausNA@gpu.utcs.UToronto.Ca
P.R.CHINA Chao-Tsi Tseng Centre of Marine Sciences, Department
of Biology, Nanjing University,
Nanjing
CZECHOSLOV. Jiri Komarek Institute of Botany, CAS Dept. of
Hydrobotany, Dukelske 145, CS-37982
Trebon
FRANCE Nicole Tandeau de Marsac Physiologie Microbienne, Institut
Pasteur, 29 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724
Paris Cedex 15.
(EMail) NTMarsac@Pasteur.Fr
GERMANY Wolfgang Lockau Biochemie der Pflanzen, Fachbereich
Biologie, Humboldt-Universitaet,
Invalidenstr. 42, 10 115 Berlin
INDIA Joe Thomas Biotechnology Division, SPIC Science
Foundation, 110 Mount Road, Madras
600 032
ISRAEL Elisha Tel-Or Dept. of Agricultural Botany, The
Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100
(Tel) 08-481262
ITALY Mario Tredici Centro di Studio dei Microorganismi
Autotrof. (C.N.R.), P.le. delle
Cascine 27 51044 Firenze
(E-mail) D47000@Ifiidg.Fi.Cnr.It
NETHERLANDS Luuc Mur Laboratorium voor Microbiologie,
Universiteit voor Amsterdam, Nieuwe
Achtergracht 127, 1018 WS Amsterdam
SCANDANAVIA Olav Skulberg Norwegian Institute for Water
Research, P.O.box 69 Korsvall, N-0808
Oslo 8 NORWAY
U.K. Tony Walsby Dept. of Botany, University of
Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UG
ANYWHERE ELSE Jeff Elhai Dept. of Biological Sciences, Florida
International University, University
Park Campus, Miami FL 33199 USA.
(Tel) 305-348-3584, (Fax) 305-348-1986
(E-mail) Cyano@Servax.Bitnet
or Cyano@Servax.Fiu.Edu